Journal: International journal of oncology

Article Title: Immune adjuvant effect of Juzentaihoto, a Japanese traditional herbal medicine, on tumor vaccine therapy in a mouse model.

doi: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3208

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 5. JTT enhances cellular and humoral immune responses to the OVA vaccine in vivo. One group was administered JTT (2 g/kg/day) and the other was administered water once a day. OVA + Water group: water was orally administered to 3 mice from day 7 to day 14 consecutively. In addition, these mice were immunized with OVA on day 7 and day 0 twice. OVA + JTT group: JTT was orally administered to 3 mice from day 7 to day 14 consecutively. In addition, these mice were immunized with OVA on day 7 and day 0 twice. On day 14, mice of this group were sacrificed, and the splenocytes and serum were collected. Splenocytes were re-stimulated with OVA (10 µg/ml). (A) OVA-specific IgG2a in mouse serum immunized with OVA with or without the administration of JTT or water was determined by ELISA. The relative ratio of OVA-specific IgG2a is shown comparing the OVA + JTT group with the OVA + Water group. Each group contained 3 mice and all experiments were repeated 3 times. Data are the mean ± SD; *P<0.05, compared with the control (OVA + Water) group. (B) Data are expressed as spot-forming IFN-γ-secreting T cells (SFC) responding to OVA by ELISPOT assay (SFC/1x105 splenocytes). Each group contained 3 mice and all experiments were repeated 3 times. Data are the mean ± SD; *P<0.05, **P<0.01, compared with the control (OVA + Water) group.

Article Snippet: Unbound OVA on the plate was removed by washing, and the plate was further incubated with blocking reagent (Morinaga Institute of Biological Science, Inc., Yokohama, Japan) at 37 ̊C for 1 h. Dilutions of mouse serum immunized with OVA with or without the administration of JTT were added to the wells (100 μl/well) and incubated at 37 ̊C for 1 h. After washing, anti-mouse IgG1-HRP (15H6, G1 chain specific; SouthernBiotech, AL, USA) or IgG2a-HRP (HOPC-1, G2a chain specific; SouthernBiotech) was added to the wells and incubated at 37 ̊C for 1 h. These IgG1 and IgG2 levels were determined using TMBz (3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine; Dojindo, Kumamoto, Japan) according to the manufacturer's instructions.

Techniques: In Vivo, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Control, Enzyme-linked Immunospot

Journal: Journal of Extracellular Vesicles

Article Title: Engineered Low‐Endotoxin Bacterial Biomimetic Vesicles for Enhanced Oral Dual‐Antigen Subunit Vaccine Delivery

doi: 10.1002/jev2.70207

Figure Lengend Snippet: Engineering and immunological action mechanism of COS‐coated BBVs for oral dual‐antigen delivery. (A) Schematic illustration of GDH‐gD‐Fc‐CSS‐BBV@COS preparation. (B) COS‐coated GDH‐gD‐Fc‐CSS‐BBV@COS traverses the epithelial barrier and significantly reduce the inflammatory response, stimulate macrophages and epithelial cells within lamina propria and initiate adaptive immune responses. GDH‐gD‐Fc‐CSS‐BBV@COS is preferentially captured by microfold (M) cells in the Peyer's patches. Processed antigens are subsequently presented by mature dendritic cells (DCs) to naive T cells, driving differentiation into T helper 1 (Th1), T helper 2 (Th2) and cytotoxic CD8⁺ T cells. Simultaneously, naive B cells are activated in the B cell follicles, triggering the germinal centre reaction, plasma cell differentiation and antibody production (including IgG and dimeric IgA). Key cytokines involved (IFN‐γ, IL‐4) and secretory IgA (sIgA) transport are indicated.

Article Snippet: Goat HRP‐conjugated anti‐mouse IgG1 (1071‐05) and goat HRP‐conjugated anti‐mouse IgG2a (1080‐05) antibodies were purchased from Southern Biotech (Birmingham, AL, USA).

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Cell Differentiation

Journal: Journal of Extracellular Vesicles

Article Title: Engineered Low‐Endotoxin Bacterial Biomimetic Vesicles for Enhanced Oral Dual‐Antigen Subunit Vaccine Delivery

doi: 10.1002/jev2.70207

Figure Lengend Snippet: Oral administration maximizes in vivo delivery of mCherry‐CSS‐BBV@COS and induces specific antibody responses. (A) Schematic diagram of in vivo and ex vivo fluorescence imaging of BALB/c mice at different time intervals after mCherry‐CSS‐BBV@COS administration via various routes. (B) Examples of in vivo fluorescence scans performed within 24 h after oral or intramuscular administration of mCherry (30 µg) or mCherry‐CSS‐BBV@COS (containing 30 µg mCherry) to mice. (C) Examples of ex vivo imaging of different organs performed 24 h after administration. (D, E) Summary graphs of experiments in vivo (D) and ex vivo (E). (F) Scheme of the immunization experiment. The mice were immunized with 30 µg of vaccine (mCherry content) via intramuscular injection and oral administration on Day 0, followed by a booster immunization on Day 14. Serum levels of specific IgG and sIgA were detected using indirect ELISA. (G) Serum levels of IgG against mCherry, LPS and OMPs. Data are presented as OD 450 values. (H) Levels of sIgA against mCherry in vaginal secretions. Data are presented in µg/mL.

Article Snippet: Goat HRP‐conjugated anti‐mouse IgG1 (1071‐05) and goat HRP‐conjugated anti‐mouse IgG2a (1080‐05) antibodies were purchased from Southern Biotech (Birmingham, AL, USA).

Techniques: In Vivo, Ex Vivo, Fluorescence, Imaging, Injection, Indirect ELISA

Journal: Journal of Extracellular Vesicles

Article Title: Engineered Low‐Endotoxin Bacterial Biomimetic Vesicles for Enhanced Oral Dual‐Antigen Subunit Vaccine Delivery

doi: 10.1002/jev2.70207

Figure Lengend Snippet: Induction of antigen‐specific antibody responses in mice by GDH‐gD‐Fc‐CSS‐BBV@COS. (A) Schematic diagram of the immunization, blood and vaginal secretion sampling procedures. (B–E) Determination by iELISA of the levels of IgG against GDH (B), gD (C), LPS (D) and OMPs (E) in sera after 50× dilution presented as OD 450 values. (F–I) Determination by iELISA of the levels of IgG1 and IgG2a against GDH (F), gD (G), LPS (H) and OMPs (I) in sera after 50× dilution presented as OD 450 values. (J) The levels of sIgA against GDH, gD, LPS and OMP in vaginal secretion determined using iELISA and presented in µg/mL.

Article Snippet: Goat HRP‐conjugated anti‐mouse IgG1 (1071‐05) and goat HRP‐conjugated anti‐mouse IgG2a (1080‐05) antibodies were purchased from Southern Biotech (Birmingham, AL, USA).

Techniques: Sampling